1, zifukwa ndondomeko kupanga: Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa mankhwala zitsulo.Pankhani ya kupanga ndi mawonekedwe azinthu, kupanga filimu yopyapyala ya oxide pamwamba pa chinthucho ndiye njira yayikulu yopewera makutidwe ndi okosijeni, komanso kusiyana pakati pa zinthu zachitsulo.Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zazinthu zina zachitsulo, koma pamene filimu ya okusayidi ili yosakwanira kapena yosalekeza chifukwa cha luso losakwanira kapena losasamala la kupanga, mpweya wa mpweya mumlengalenga udzachitapo kanthu ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimapangidwira, zomwe zimabweretsa maonekedwe a mankhwala.kusonyeza makutidwe ndi okosijeni.
2, Zifukwa za chiŵerengero cha mankhwala: Pofuna kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira, opanga ena amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina zofunika monga chromium ndi faifi tambala, ndikuwonjezera zomwe zili muzinthu zina monga carbon.Kupanga chodabwitsa cha chiŵerengero cha kapangidwe sikungochepetsa kwambiri khalidwe la mankhwala, mwachitsanzo, pamene zomwe zili mu chromium mu chubu chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 304 ndizosakwanira, sizimangokhudza kukana kwa dzimbiri ndi mawonekedwe a chinthucho, komanso ali ndi kuthekera kothekera akagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani opanga mankhwala, zida ndi mafakitale opanga zinthu.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zimakhudzanso maonekedwe ndi antioxidant katundu wa mankhwala.
3, Zifukwa Zopangira: Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zofala kwambiri za okosijeni wazinthu zomwe ogula ena amakumana nazo akamagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.Ogula ena amagwira ntchito molakwika pakugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukonza zinthu, makamaka zinthu zina zapaipi zachitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani opanga zida zamankhwala.Kuthekera kwa okosijeni ndikwambiri.Kwa okosijeni wopangidwa ndi anthu wazinthu zachitsulo, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi chidziwitso cholondola chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndikukonza ndi kukonza nthawi zonse, kuti muchepetse okosijeni wobwera chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito molakwika.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimadalira filimu yopyapyala kwambiri, yolimba, yabwino komanso yosasunthika ya chromium-rich oxide (filimu yoteteza) yomwe imapangidwa pamwamba pake kuti iteteze kulowetsedwa kosalekeza ndi okosijeni wa maatomu a okosijeni kuti athe kukana dzimbiri.Kamodzi pazifukwa zina, filimuyi imawonongeka mosalekeza, maatomu a okosijeni mumlengalenga kapena madzi apitiliza kulowa kapena maatomu achitsulo muzitsulo apitiliza kupatukana, ndikupanga okusayidi yachitsulo yotayirira, ndipo chitsulocho chimakhala chokhazikika mosalekeza.Pali mitundu yambiri yowononga filimuyi, yomwe imapezeka kwambiri pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku ndi iyi:
1. Pamwamba pa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, fumbi lomwe lili ndi zinthu zina zachitsulo kapena zomata zachitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimadziunjikira.Mu mpweya wonyowa, madzi osungunuka pakati pa zomata ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimagwirizanitsa ziwirizo kukhala batri yaying'ono, yomwe imayambitsa electrochemical reaction ndikuteteza chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.Filimuyi yawonongeka, yomwe imatchedwa electrochemical corrosion.
2. Pamwamba pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimamatira ku timadziti ta organic (monga masamba, supu yamasamba, etc.), ndipo pamaso pa madzi ndi mpweya, ma organic acid amapangidwa, ndipo ma organic acid amawononga zitsulo kwa nthawi yayitali.
3. Pamwamba pa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimamatira kukhala ndi zidulo, alkali ndi mchere (monga madzi amchere ndi madzi a laimu akuthwanima kuchokera pamakoma okongoletsa), zomwe zimayambitsa dzimbiri.
4. Mu mpweya woipitsidwa (monga mlengalenga wokhala ndi sulfide yambiri, carbon oxide, nitrogen oxide), ukakumana ndi madzi opindika, umapanga mawanga amadzimadzi a sulfuric acid, nitric acid ndi acetic acid, zomwe zimayambitsa dzimbiri.
Zomwe zili pamwambazi zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa filimu yoteteza pamtunda wazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndikuyambitsa dzimbiri.Chifukwa chake, kuonetsetsa kuti chitsulo chachitsulo chimakhala chowala kosatha komanso chosachita dzimbiri, timalimbikitsa:
1. Pamwamba pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ziyenera kutsukidwa ndi kutsukidwa pafupipafupi kuti muchotse zomata ndikuchotsa zinthu zakunja zomwe zimayambitsa kusinthidwa;
2. sungani chilengedwe chouma;
3. Kupangidwa kwa mankhwala a mapaipi azitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri pamsika sangathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira za dziko ndipo sangathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira zakuthupi.Choncho, zidzachititsanso dzimbiri, zomwe zimafuna kuti ogwiritsa ntchito asankhe mosamala mankhwala kuchokera kwa opanga odziwika.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi okosijeni wa mumlengalenga - ndiko kuti, kukana dzimbiri, komanso imatha kuwononga zinthu zomwe zili ndi ma acid, alkalis, ndi mchere - ndiko kuti, kukana dzimbiri.Komabe, kukula kwa mphamvu zake zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri zimasiyanasiyana ndi mankhwala a zitsulo zake zokha, momwe zimakhalira pamodzi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso mtundu wa chilengedwe.Mwachitsanzo, chitoliro chachitsulo cha 304 chili ndi mphamvu zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri m'malo owuma komanso oyera, koma ngati chikasunthidwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja, chimatuluka mu chifunga cham'nyanja chokhala ndi mchere wambiri, pomwe chitoliro chachitsulo cha 316 chimachita bwino. .Choncho, si mtundu uliwonse wa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zingathe kukana dzimbiri ndi dzimbiri m'malo aliwonse.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-17-2023